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Solar eclipse of May 10, 1994

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Solar eclipse of May 10, 1994
Partial from Bismarck, North Dakota, USA
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.4077
Magnitude0.9431
Maximum eclipse
Duration373 s (6 min 13 s)
Coordinates41°30′N 84°06′W / 41.5°N 84.1°W / 41.5; -84.1
Max. width of band230 km (140 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse17:12:27
References
Saros128 (57 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9495

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, May 10, 1994,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9431. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.6 days after apogee (on May 9, 1994, at 3:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

The path of annularity crossed four states of Mexico (Baja California Sur, Baja California, Sonora and Chihuahua), parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine in the United States, the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia and the southeastern tip of Quebec, the Azores Islands except Santa Maria Island, and part of Morocco including the capital city Rabat. The eclipse reached its moment of "greatest eclipse" in the United States near Wauseon, Ohio, about 35 miles west of Toledo, Ohio. Niagara Falls was also covered by the path of annularity. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Russia, North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Western Europe, and West Africa.

The Columbus Crew were originally named the "Columbus Eclipse" in their Major League Soccer bid in honor of the event.[3]

Images

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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]

May 10, 1994 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1994 May 10 at 14:13:11.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1994 May 10 at 15:21:36.4 UTC
First Central Line 1994 May 10 at 15:24:17.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1994 May 10 at 15:26:58.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1994 May 10 at 16:55:59.3 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1994 May 10 at 17:07:34.4 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1994 May 10 at 17:12:26.5 UTC
Greatest Duration 1994 May 10 at 17:17:41.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1994 May 10 at 17:20:50.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1994 May 10 at 17:28:40.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1994 May 10 at 18:57:48.7 UTC
Last Central Line 1994 May 10 at 19:00:29.5 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1994 May 10 at 19:03:09.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1994 May 10 at 20:11:35.7 UTC
May 10, 1994 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.94315
Eclipse Obscuration 0.88953
Gamma 0.40771
Sun Right Ascension 03h09m27.2s
Sun Declination +17°41'21.5"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'50.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 03h09m11.3s
Moon Declination +18°03'01.1"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'44.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'04.4"
ΔT 60.3 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of May 1994
May 10
Descending node (new moon)
May 25
Ascending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 128
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 140
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Eclipses in 1994

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 128

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1993–1996

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1993 to 1996
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
118 May 21, 1993

Partial
1.1372 123 November 13, 1993

Partial
−1.0411
128

Partial in Bismarck, ND, USA
May 10, 1994

Annular
0.4077 133

Totality in Bolivia
November 3, 1994

Total
−0.3522
138 April 29, 1995

Annular
−0.3382 143

Totality in Dundlod, India
October 24, 1995

Total
0.3518
148 April 17, 1996

Partial
−1.058 153 October 12, 1996

Partial
1.1227

Saros 128

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 128, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 29, 984 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 16, 1417 through June 18, 1471; hybrid eclipses from June 28, 1489 through July 31, 1543; and annular eclipses from August 11, 1561 through July 25, 2120. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on November 1, 2282. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 27 at 1 minutes, 45 seconds on June 7, 1453, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 48 at 8 minutes, 35 seconds on February 1, 1832. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]

Series members 47–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
47 48 49

January 21, 1814

February 1, 1832

February 12, 1850
50 51 52

February 23, 1868

March 5, 1886

March 17, 1904
53 54 55

March 28, 1922

April 7, 1940

April 19, 1958
56 57 58

April 29, 1976

May 10, 1994

May 20, 2012
59 60 61

June 1, 2030

June 11, 2048

June 22, 2066
62 63 64

July 3, 2084

July 15, 2102

July 25, 2120
65 66 67

August 5, 2138

August 16, 2156

August 27, 2174
68

September 6, 2192

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22 May 9–11 February 26–27 December 14–15 October 2–3
116 118 120 122 124

July 22, 1971

May 11, 1975

February 26, 1979

December 15, 1982

October 3, 1986
126 128 130 132 134

July 22, 1990

May 10, 1994

February 26, 1998

December 14, 2001

October 3, 2005
136 138 140 142 144

July 22, 2009

May 10, 2013

February 26, 2017

December 14, 2020

October 2, 2024
146 148 150 152 154

July 22, 2028

May 9, 2032

February 27, 2036

December 15, 2039

October 3, 2043
156

July 22, 2047

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 19, 1808
(Saros 111)

September 19, 1819
(Saros 112)

August 18, 1830
(Saros 113)

July 18, 1841
(Saros 114)

June 17, 1852
(Saros 115)

May 17, 1863
(Saros 116)

April 16, 1874
(Saros 117)

March 16, 1885
(Saros 118)

February 13, 1896
(Saros 119)

January 14, 1907
(Saros 120)

December 14, 1917
(Saros 121)

November 12, 1928
(Saros 122)

October 12, 1939
(Saros 123)

September 12, 1950
(Saros 124)

August 11, 1961
(Saros 125)

July 10, 1972
(Saros 126)

June 11, 1983
(Saros 127)

May 10, 1994
(Saros 128)

April 8, 2005
(Saros 129)

March 9, 2016
(Saros 130)

February 6, 2027
(Saros 131)

January 5, 2038
(Saros 132)

December 5, 2048
(Saros 133)

November 5, 2059
(Saros 134)

October 4, 2070
(Saros 135)

September 3, 2081
(Saros 136)

August 3, 2092
(Saros 137)

July 4, 2103
(Saros 138)

June 3, 2114
(Saros 139)

May 3, 2125
(Saros 140)

April 1, 2136
(Saros 141)

March 2, 2147
(Saros 142)

January 30, 2158
(Saros 143)

December 29, 2168
(Saros 144)

November 28, 2179
(Saros 145)

October 29, 2190
(Saros 146)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)

August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)

July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)

July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)

June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)

May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)

May 10, 1994
(Saros 128)

April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)

March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)

March 10, 2081
(Saros 131)

February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)

January 30, 2139
(Saros 133)

January 10, 2168
(Saros 134)

December 19, 2196
(Saros 135)

References

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  1. ^ "May 10, 1994 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  3. ^ Boese, Chandler (May 10, 2021). "Why is Columbus' MLS soccer team called the Crew?". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  4. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1994 May 10". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  5. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 128". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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