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House of Lorraine

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Main articles: House of Lorraine and fr:Maison de Lorraine


For the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, see House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
House of Lorraine
Haus Lothringen
Original arms of the House of Lorraine
Parent houseArdennes–Metz which in turn can possibly be a cadet branch of either the Etichonids or the Matfridings
CountryAlsace, Austria, Bohemia, Brabant, France, Flanders, Hungary, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Mexico, Modena and Tuscany
Current headKarl von Habsburg-Lothringen
Titles (see more)
DepositionLorraine:
1738 – Francis I ceded title in accordance with the Treaty of Vienna, gaining Tuscany

Holy Roman Empire, Luxembourg,
Brabant, and Flanders:
1805 – Francis II & I ceded titles in accordance with the Peace of Pressburg

Parma:
1847 – Marie Louise died with issue

Tuscany:
1859 – Leopold II abdicated due to pressure from Italian nationalists

Mexico:
1867 – Maximilian I executed by Liberal republicans.

Austria, Hungary and Bohemia:
1918 – Charles I & IV relinquished participation in state affairs following the end of World War I
Cadet branches

The House of Lorraine (German: Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg and became known as the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen). Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and his grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman emperors from 1745 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

Although its senior agnates are the dukes of Hohenberg, the house is currently headed by Karl von Habsburg (born 1961), grandson of the last emperor Charles I.[1]

Ancestry

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A controversial origin

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The main two theories of the House's origin are:

Certitudes

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Contemporary analysis of documents dating from the 11th century allows us to establish the two generations preceding Gerard of Alsace. The oldest certain generation is a sibling group composed of Gerard, Adalbert and Adelaide3,4:

Gerard, Count, probably of Metz, died between 1021 and 1033, married Eve, daughter of Count Sigefroid, ancestor of the Counts of Luxembourg. From this marriage were born two children: Sigfried, died between 1017 and 1020, and Berscinde, abbess of Remiremont; Adelaide married Henry of Franconia, Count in Wormsgau, and is the mother of Emperor Conrad II the Salic and several other children; Adalbert was Count of Metz, died in 1037. A donation dated June 12, 1037 in favor of the Abbey of Saint-Mathieu calls him dux and marchio Lotoringie. He married Judith who gave birth to a single son, named Gérard3,4. Gérard, son of Adalbert, died in 1045. He is called Count of Alsace in a charter of May 1038 where he puts an end to a dispute against the Abbey of Remiremont. He married a Gisèle, who gave birth to Adalbert, Duke of Lorraine in 1047, Gérard, Count of Metz, then Duke of Lorraine in 1047, Conrad, Adalberon, Beatrix, Odelric, Cuno, Oda, abbess of Remiremont from 1048 to 1071, Azelinus, Ida and Adelheid, as stated in the Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ (Notice of the founding of the monastery of Bouzonville)3,4.


EvaGérard
comte de Metz
(† 1021/1033)		Adelinde
x Henri de Franconie
comte en Wormsgau		Adalbert
comte de Metz
(† 1033)		Judith
Siegfried
(† 1017)		Bercinda
abbesse de
Remiremont		Conrad II
empereur
(990 † 1039)		Gérard
comte
(† 1045)		Gisèle
Adalbert
duc de Lorraine
(1047-1048)		Gérard d'Alsace
duc de Lorraine
(1048-1070)		Conrad, Adalberon,
Beatrix, Odelric, Cuno		Oda
abbesse de Remiremont
(1048-1071)		Azelinus, Ida,
Adelheid

Etichonid

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The Etichonid origin was unanimously recognized from the 18th until the 20th century. For this reason, the marriage between Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis of Lorraine was seen at the time as the reunion of the two branches of the dynasty. The main proponents of this theory have been: Dom Calmet (1672 † 1757),[3] Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais (1773 † 1842)[4] and more recently Michel Dugast Rouillé (1919 † 1987)[2] and Henry Bogdan.[5]

Etichon-Adalric
comte d'Alsace
(† 690)		Berswinde
Adalbert
duc d'Alsace
(† 722)		Etichon II
comte de Nordgau
(† 720)
Luitfrid 1st
duc d'Alsace
(† 767)		Albéric 1st
comte de Nordgau
(† 735 ou 760)
Luitfrid II
comte de Sundgau
(† 802)		Eberhard 1st
comte de Nordgau
(† 800)
Hugues 1st
comte de Tours et de Sundgau
(† 837)		Albéric II
comte de Nordgau
(† 816)
Luitfrid III
comte de Sundgau
(† 864)		Eberhard II
comte de Nordgau
(† 864)
Hugues II
comte de Sundgau
(† 880)		Luitfrid IV
comte de Sundgau
(† 910)		Eberhard III
comte de Nordgau
(† 920)
Luitfrid V
comte de Sundgau
(† 925)		Hugues 1st
comte de Nordgau
(† 940)
Eberhard IV
comte de Nordgau
(† 972)		Gontran le Riche
Hugues II
comte de Nordgau
(† 984)		Adalbert
comte de Metz
(† 1038)		Maison de Habsbourg
comtes de NordgauAdalbert
duc de Lorraine
(1047-1048)		Gérard
comte d'Alsace
(† 1047)
Gérard d'Alsace
duc de Lorraine
(1048-1070)


Gerardide-Matfriding

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The main proponents of the Gerardide-Matfriding theory are: Eduard Hlawitschka,[6] George Poull[7] and partially the Europäische Stammtafeln (which however does not take into account the kinship with the Girardides).[8]

The question of the origin of the House of Lorraine was taken up again in the XX by Eduard Hlawitschka [de]. He established that Gérard d'Alsace came from the Counts of Metz, but grouped these counts into two family groups: the Matfried of the IX, and the Adalbert/Gérard of the X. The absence of documentation does not allow a formal kinship to be established between the two groups. But he notes that this kinship is very probable because they are of similar status, use the same onomastic background and have concluded matrimonial alliances in the same circles (House of Ardennes, imperial families, etc.). Eduard Hlawitschka continues his proposal by estimating that the Matfrieds could even be descended from the Girardides (family of Gérard/Girard, Leuthard, Alard/Adal(h)ard, Beggo/Bégon/Bérenger), counts of Paris at the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 9th[9]. His thesis was taken up by the historian George Poull[10] and partially by the Europäische Stammtafeln (which however do not take into account the kinship with the Girardides)[11]. Eduard Hlawitschka's thesis, with the Girardide connection, is the one that currently meets with the most support, while the Etichonide thesis seems to be receding (for the agnateic/male lineage, of course; in the cognatic/female lineage, there are obviously relationships, at least with the Eguisheim-Nordgau).

Zwentibold
roi de Lotharingie
(† 900)		Oda de Saxe
sœur
d'Henri l'Oiseleur		Gérard
comte de Metz
(† 910)		Richard
abbé de Prüm
(† 945)		Matfried
comte de Metz
(† 930)
Wigfried
archevêque de Cologne
(† 953)		Oda
x Gothelon
comte de Bidgau		Godefroy
comte palatin de Lotharingie		Adalbert
comte de Metz
(† 944)
Godefroid
vice-duc de Basse-Lotharingie
(† 964)		Gerberge
x Mégingoz
comte d'Avalgau		Gérard
comte de Metz
(† ap.963)		Matfried
(960)
Sigefroid de Luxembourg
demi-frère de Gothelon
comte de Bidgau		Richard
comte de Metz
968, 986		Gérard
EvaGérard
comte de Metz
(† 1021/1033)		Adalbert
comte de Metz
(† 1033)		Adelinde
x Henri de Franconie
comte en Spieirgau
Siegfried
(† 1017)		Bercinda
abbesse Remiremont		Gérard
comte
(† 1045)		Conrad II
empereur
(990 † 1039)
Adalbert
duc de Lorraine
(1047-1048)		Gérard d'Alsace
duc de Lorraine
(1048-1070)


Later

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The Renaissance dukes of Lorraine tended to arrogate to themselves claims to Carolingian ancestry, as illustrated by Alexandre Dumas, père in the novel La Dame de Monsoreau (1846);[12] in fact, so little documentation survives on the early generations that the reconstruction of a family tree for progenitors of the House of Alsace involves a good deal of guesswork.[citation needed]

What is more securely demonstrated is that in 1048 Emperor Henry III gave the Duchy of Upper Lorraine first to Adalbert of Metz and then to his brother Gerard whose successors (collectively known as the House of Alsace or the House of Châtenois) retained the duchy until the death of Charles the Bold in 1431.[13]

Houses of Vaudémont and Guise

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See also: House of Guise
The Château du Grand Jardin in Joinville, the seat of the Counts and Dukes of Guise.

After a brief interlude of 1453–1473, when the duchy passed in right of Charles's daughter to her husband John of Calabria, a Capetian, Lorraine reverted to the House of Vaudémont, a junior branch of House of Lorraine, in the person of René II who later added to his titles that of Duke of Bar.[14]

The French Wars of Religion saw the rise of a junior branch of the Lorraine family, the House of Guise, which became a dominant force in French politics and, during the later years of Henry III's reign, was on the verge of succeeding to the throne of France.[15] Mary of Guise, mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, also came from this family.

Under the Bourbon monarchy the remaining branch of the House of Guise, headed by the duc d'Elbeuf, remained part of the highest ranks of French aristocracy, while the senior branch of the House of Vaudémont continued to rule the independent duchies of Lorraine and Bar. Louis XIV's imperialist ambitions (which involved the occupation of Lorraine in 1669–97) forced the dukes into a permanent alliance with his archenemies, the Holy Roman Emperors from the House of Habsburg.

House of Habsburg‑Lorraine

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Main article: House of Habsburg-Lorraine
See also: House of Habsburg, House of Hohenberg, and Austria-Este
The coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The shield displays the marshaled arms of the Habsburg, Babenberg and Lorraine families.

After Emperor Joseph I and Emperor Charles VI failed to produce a son and heir, the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 left the throne to the latter's yet unborn daughter, Maria Theresa. In 1736 Emperor Charles arranged her marriage to Francis of Lorraine who agreed to exchange his hereditary lands for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (as well as the Duchy of Teschen from the Emperor).

At Charles's death in 1740 the Habsburg holdings passed to Maria Theresa and Francis, who was later elected (in 1745) Holy Roman Emperor as Francis I. The Habsburg-Lorraine nuptials and dynastic union precipitated, and survived, the War of the Austrian Succession. Francis and Maria Theresa's daughters Marie Antoinette and Maria Carolina of Austria became Queens of France and Naples-Sicily, respectively, while their sons Joseph II and Leopold II succeeded to the imperial title.

Apart from the core Habsburg dominions, including the triple crowns of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, several junior branches of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine reigned in the Italian duchies of Tuscany (until 1737-1796, 1814-1860), Parma (1814-1847) and Modena (1814-1859). Another member of the house, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, was Emperor of Mexico (1863–67).

In 1900, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (then heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne) contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie Chotek. Their descendants, known as the House of Hohenberg, have been excluded from succession to the Austro-Hungarian crown, but not that of Lorraine, where morganatic marriage has never been outlawed. Nevertheless, Otto von Habsburg, the eldest grandson of Franz Ferdinand's younger brother, was universally regarded as the head of the house until his death in 2011.[16] It was at Nancy, the former capital of the House of Vaudémont, that the former crown prince married Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen in 1951.[1]

List of heads

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See also: Family tree of the German monarchs, Dukes of Lorraine family tree, and List of heirs to the Austrian throne
Francis I of Lorraine with his family.

The following is a list of ruling heads (after 1918 pretenders) of the house of Ardennes-Metz and its successor houses of Lorraine and Habsburg-Lorraine, from the start of securely documented genealogical history in the 11th century.[citation needed]

Charles II died without male heir, the duchy passing to Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, consort of Naples by marriage to Duke René of Anjou. The duchy passed to their son John II (r. 1453–1470), whose son Nicholas I (r. 1470–1473) died without heir. The title now went to Nicholas' aunt (sister of John II) Yolande.

House of Lorraine

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The House of Lorraine was formed by Yolande's marriage to Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont (1428–1470), who was descended from John I (Yolande's great-grandfather) via his younger son Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (1346–1390), Antoine, Count of Vaudémont (c. 1395–1431) and Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont (1417–1470). René inherited the title of Duke of Lorraine upon his marriage in 1473.

House of Habsburg–Lorraine

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The heir of Franz Joseph, Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, committed suicide in 1889. Franz Joseph was succeeded by his grandnephew, Charles I, son of Archduke Otto Francis, the son of Archduke Karl Ludwig, a younger brother of Franz Joseph.

Family tree

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Male-line family tree

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See also: de:Stammliste des Hauses Vaudémont and fr:Maison de Lorraine § Généalogie


List of male-line members of the House of Lorraine

Male, male-line, legitimate, non-morganatic members of the house who either lived to adulthood, or who held a title as a child, are included. Heads of the house are in bold.


Notes and references

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  1. ^ a b Gordon Brook-Shepherd. Uncrowned Emperor: the Life and Times of Otto von Habsburg. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 1-85285-439-1. pp. xi, 179, 216.
  2. ^ a b Dugast Rouillé, Michel (1967). Les maisons souveraines de l'Autriche. Paris.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Calmet, Antoine Augustin (1728). Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de la Lorraine. Nancy. pp. cix–cxlix.
  4. ^ Viton, Nicholas (1811–1812). Histoire généalogique des maisons souveraines de l'Europe. Paris. p. 67.
  5. ^ Bogdan, Henry (2005). La Lorraine des ducs, sept siècles d'histoire. Perrin. pp. 31–32. ISBN 2-262-02113-9.
  6. ^ Hlawitschka, Eduard (1969). Die Anfänge des Hauses Habsburg-Lothringen. Saarbrücken.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Poull, Georges (1991). La Maison ducale de Lorraine. Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy. p. 575. ISBN 2-86480-517-0.
  8. ^ Schwennicke, Detlev (1935–2007). Europäische Stammtafeln. Vol. VI. p. 129.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hlawitschka was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Poull was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference ES was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ See Chapter XXI.
  13. ^ William W. Kibler, Grover A. Zinn. Medieval France: an Encyclopedia. Routledge, 1995. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4. p. 561.
  14. ^ Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages (ed. by André Vauchez). Routledge, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-282-6. p. 1227.
  15. ^ Robert Knecht. The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN 1-85285-522-3. p. 214.
  16. ^ Brook-Shepherd also notes that morganatic alliances were not forbidden by ancient Magyar laws. See Brook-Shepherd 179.
[edit]
— Royal house —
House of Lorraine
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Preceded by
Archduchy of Austria
1780–1804 		Archduchy elevated to the Empire of Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
1780–1918 		Kingdom abolished
Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands
1780–1795 		Duchy abolished
Kingdom of Hungary
1780–1849 		Incorporated into the Empire of Austria
Austro-Hungarian Compromise recreates the Kingdom of Hungary separate from the Empire of Austria in 1867
Kingdom of Hungary
1867–1918 		Kingdom abolished
New title Empire of Austria
1804–1918 		Empire abolished
Preceded by Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1765–1801 		Grand Duchy abolished
Became the Kingdom of Etruria, a territory of the House of Bourbon
Preceded by Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1815–1866 		Kingdom abolished
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1814–1859 		Grand duchy abolished
Incorporated into the United Provinces of Central Italy
Preceded by
House of Iturbide
Deposed in 1823; a republic was created in the interim
 Empire of Mexico
1864–1867 		Empire abolished


House of Habsburg-Lorraine/Haus von Habsburg-Lothringen

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House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Haus Habsburg-Lothringen
Genealogical arms since 6 August 1806
Parent houseHouse of Habsburg (enatic)
House of Lorraine (agnatic)
Country
Founded1736; 288 years ago (1736)
FounderMaria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Current headKarl von Habsburg-Lothringen
Final ruler
Titles
List of titles
Style(s)
MottoA.E.I.O.U. and Viribus Unitis
DepositionAustria-Hungary:
1918 – Charles I & IV relinquished participation in state affairs following the end of World War I
Cadet branches

The House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen) originated from the marriage in 1736 of Francis III, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Maria Theresa of Austria, later successively Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Croatia and Archduchess of Austria. Its members are the legitimate surviving line of both the House of Habsburg and the House of Lorraine and inherit their patrimonial possessions from their female line of the House of Habsburg and from the male line of the House of Lorraine.

The branch of Vaudémont and Guise from the House of Lorraine become the major branch after a brief interlude in 1453–1473, when the duchy passed in right of Charles de Bourbon's daughter to her husband, John of Calabria, a Capetian, Lorraine reverted to the House of Vaudémont, a junior branch of the House of Lorraine, in the person of René II, who later added to his titles that of Duke of Bar.

The House of Habsburg takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s by Count Radbot of Klettgau, Aargau, now in Switzerland. His grandson, Otto II, was the first to take on the name of the fortress as his own, adding Graf von Habsburg ("Count of Habsburg") to his title. The House of Habsburg gathered dynastic momentum during the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, and in 1273, Radbot's seventh-generation descendant Rudolph of Habsburg became Roman-German King. He moved the family's power base to the Duchy of Austria, which the Habsburgs ruled until 1918.

The current house orders are the Order of the Golden Fleece, Imperial and Royal Order of Saint George and Order of the Starry Cross. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine still exists, and the current head of the family is Karl von Habsburg.[1]

History of the Dynasty

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See also: House of Habsburg

The first member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to rule over the Holy Roman Empire was Joseph II, a sovereign raised during the Enlightenment. By the new ideals he brought, he implemented many reforms, most of which were to the detriment of the clergy. Upon his death in 1790, he was succeeded by his brother Leopold II, who in 1791 invited Europe's powers to help the French royal family to stifle the ideals of the revolution without military intervention. He died a few days before France declared war on Austria.

In 1792, Leopold's son, Francis II, was crowned emperor in Frankfurt. After the beheading of the French sovereigns, he, along with the other European sovereigns created the First Coalition against Revolutionary France. The coalition initially recorded some success, but soon began to withdraw, especially in Italy, where the Austrians were repeatedly defeated by the Corsican general Napoleon Bonaparte.

With the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Duchy of Milan was handed over to France, while the Austrians gained Veneto, Istria and Dalmatia. This pact was followed by others that reduced the dominion of the Habsburgs to Austria, Bohemia and Hungary; Francis II was also forced to dissolve the Holy Roman Empire, but he had already proclaimed himself Emperor of Austria, to retain his imperial status.

After the defeats at Leipzig (1813) and Waterloo (1815), Napoleon was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he died.

Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire and I of the Austrian Empire.

In the same year as Waterloo the Congress of Vienna was established with which the Restoration began. The Congress demanded the restoration of the old regimesーAustria recovered all the Italian, Slavic and German territories that they had lost during the Napoleonic Wars, and the Holy Alliance was also established between Austria, Russia and Prussia, which had the task of suppressing all the pro-French or independence revolutionary movements that would have erupted in Europe.

In the years that followed, Francis II pursued a centralization policy, on the advice of Chancellor Metternich; but precisely because of it, and emerging ideals of independence, the Revolutions of 1848 broke out, which wracked all of Europe. This led to the expulsion of Metternich from the Imperial Chancellery, and the rise of Franz Joseph, replacing Ferdinand I who was forced to abdicate in favour of the 18-year-old man.

End of the rule of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine in Europe

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Franz Joseph I (1830–1916), was the last member of the House of Habsburg to hold any significant political or military authority in Europe. At the beginning of his reign (1848–1916), Austria was the dominant power in Central Europe, whilst Vienna emerged as one of the greatest metropolitan cities on the continent. The emperor, however, waged the Second Italian War of Independence and the Austro-Prussian War; both ended in defeats, putting an end to Austrian supremacy in Italy and Germany and accelerating the gradual decline of the dynasty.

In 1867 Franz Joseph granted effective autonomy to the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire under the terms of the Ausgleich; politically and militarily they were united, but in terms of internal policy and administration they became separate entities. The title of the Head of State became "Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary", although he was also referred to as "Emperor of Austria-Hungary".

With the growing interest of Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans, strong tensions were created between the Habsburgs and Russia, eventually leading Austria to enter into alliance with Germany and Italy.

In 1914, with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo the First World War broke out between the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire and the Entente Powers—the British Empire, France, Russia, among others.

In 1916 Franz Joseph died and was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I. Charles – the last sovereign – upon losing the war, renounced the exercise of power, but did not abdicate. He was forced into exile on April 3, 1919. The Habsburg dominions were subsequently divided into independent republics.

The House of Habsburg-Lorraine refused to swear its allegiance to the new Republic of Austria, therefore family members were forced into exile and their property was confiscated. The law of exile still applies to the descendants of Emperor Charles under the same conditions. In 1961, Otto von Habsburg, the late head of the House and formerly a member of the European Parliament, relinquished the monarchy and the succession rights of his descendants in exchange for an end to exile. He was known in the Republic of Austria as Dr. Otto Habsburg-Lothringen, since the Republic does not officially recognise titles of nobility.[citation needed]

The House of Habsburg-Lorraine today

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The current leader of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine is Karl von Habsburg, who succeeded his father Otto as head of the imperial house after his father renounced the role in 2007. Karl is the eldest grandson of the last emperor of Austria-Hungary, Charles I.

  • Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1747–1792)
    • Emperor Francis I (1768–1835)
    • Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1769–1824), founder of the Tuscany branch of the imperial house.
      • Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1797–1870)
        • Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1835–1908)
          • Archduke Peter Ferdinand (1874–1948)
            • Archduke Gottfried (1902–1984)
              • Archduke Leopold Franz (1942–2021)
                • (45) Archduke Sigismund, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1966); married to Elyssa Edmonstone
                  • (46) Archduke Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany (b. 2001)
                  • (47) Archduke Maximilian (b. 2004)
                • (48) Archduke Guntram (b. 1967); morganatically (in Tuscany) married to Debora de Sola, recognised as Countess von Habsburg [marriage retroactively approved as dynastic (only in Austria)][2]
                  • (49) Tiziano Leopold, Count von Habsburg (b. 2004), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
            • Archduke Georg (1905–1952)
              • (50) Archduke Radbot (b. 1938); morganatically married to Caroline Proust, with issue.
              • (51) Archduke Georg (b. 1952).
        • Archduke Karl Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (1839–1892)
          • Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (1863–1931)
            • Archduke Anton (1901–1987)
              • (52) Archduke Dominik (b. 1937); morganatically married twice to (1) [divorced] Engel von Voss, 2 sons; (2) Emmanuela (Nella) Mlynarski.
          • Archduke Franz Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (1866–1939)
            • Archduke Hubert Salvator (1894–1971)
              • Archduke Friedrich Salvator (1927–1999)
                • (53) Archduke Leopold (b. 1956)
                • (54) Archduke Alexander Salvator (b. 1959); married to Countess Maria-Gabriele von Waldstein
                  • (55) Archduke Constantin Salvator (b. 2002)
                  • (56) Archduke Paul Salvator (b. 2003)
              • (57) Archduke Andreas Salvator (b. 1936); married to (1) [divorced 2001 (and annulled 2002)] Maria de la Piedad Espinosa de los Monteros y Rosillo (2) 2001 (civilly) and 2003 (religiously) Countess Valerie Podstatzky-Lichtenstein. Issue by the second marriage only.
                • (58) Archduke Thadeus Salvator (b. 2001)
                • (59) Archduke Casimir Salvator (b. 2003)
              • (60) Archduke Markus (b. 1946); married morganatically to Hildegard (Hilde) Maria Jungmayr, with issue.
              • (61) Archduke Johann (b. 1947); married morganatically to Anne-Marie Stummer, with issue.
              • (62) Archduke Michael (b. 1949); married in 1992 to Eva Antonia von Hofmann, with one daughter.
            • Archduke Theodore Salvator (1899–1978)
              • (63) Archduke Carl Salvator (b. 1936); married to Edith Wenzl Frn von Sternbach [marriage retroactively approved as dynastic (only in Austria)][2]
                • Count Matthias of Habsburg (1971–2024), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights
                  • (64) Count Nikolaus of Habsburg (b. 2000), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
                  • (65) Count Jakob of Habsburg (b. 2001), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
                  • (66) Count Martin of Habsburg (b. 2011), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
                • (67) Count Johannes of Habsburg (b. 1974), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights;[2] married to Katharina Lieselotte Riedl Edle von Riedenstein
                • (68) Count Bernhard of Habsburg (b. 1977), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
                • (69) Count Benedikt of Habsburg (b. 1983), keeps his Austro-Hungarian dynastic rights.[2]
            • Archduke Clemens Salvator (1904–1974); married to Elisabeth Gfn Rességuier de Miremont [marriage retroactively approved as dynastic (only in Austria)][2]
              • Clemens, Prince von Altenburg (1932–2022), retroactively integrated into the dynasty;[2] married to Laurence Costa de Beauregard
                • (70) Philipp, Prince von Altenburg (b. 1966), retroactively integrated into the dynasty.[2]
              • (71) Georg, Prince von Altenburg (b. 1933), retroactively integrated into the dynasty.[2]
              • Peter, Prince von Altenburg (1935–2008), retroactively integrated into the dynasty;[2] married to Juliane Gfn von Waldstein-Forni
                • (72) Friedrich, Prince von Altenburg (b. 1966), retroactively integrated into the dynasty;[2] married to Gabriele Gfn von Walterskirchen
                  • (73) Emanuel, Prince von Altenburg (b.2002)
                  • (74) Nikolaus, Prince von Altenburg (b. 2008)
                • (75) Leopold, Prince von Altenburg (b. 1971), retroactively integrated into the dynasty.[2]
              • (76) Johannes, Prince von Altenburg (b. 1949), retroactively integrated into the dynasty.[2]
    • Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary (1776–1847)
      • Archduke Joseph Karl (1833–1905)
        • Archduke Joseph August (1872–1962)
          • Archduke Joseph Francis (1895–1957)
            • Archduke Joseph Árpád (1933–2017)
              • (77) Archduke Joseph Karl (b. 1960); married to Princess Margarete von Hohenberg
                • (78) Archduke Joseph Albrecht (b. 1994); married to Countess Sophie von Schaesberg
                • (79) Archduke Paul Leo (b. 1996)
              • (80) Archduke Andreas-Augustinus (b. 1963); married to Countess Marie-Christine von Hatzfeldt-Dönhoff
                • (81) Archduke Friedrich-Cyprian (b. 1995)
                • (82) Archduke Pierre (b. 1997)
                • (83) Archduke Benedikt-Alexander (b. 2005)
              • (84) Archduke Nikolaus (b. 1973); married to Eugenia de Calonje y Gurrea
                • (85) Archduke Nicolás (b. 2003)
                • (86) Archduke Santiago (b. 2006)
              • (87) Archduke Johannes (b. 1975); married to María Gabriela Montenegro Villamizar
                • (88) Archduke Johannes (b. 2010)
                • (89) Archduke Alejandro (b. 2011)
                • (90) Archduke Ignacio (b. 2013)
            • (91) Archduke Géza (b. 1940); married morganatically twice to (1) [divorced] Monika Decker and (2) [civilly] Elizabeth Jane Kunstadter. Issue by both marriages.
            • (92) Archduke Michael (b. 1942); married to Princess Christiana of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, his brother's sister-in-law.
              • (93) Archduke Eduard (b. 1967); married to Baroness Maria Theresia von Gudenus
                • (94) Archduke Paul Benedikt (b. 2000)
              • (95) Father Paul Habsburg (b. 1968), a priest of the Legion of Christ

Heraldry

[edit]
Arms of Archdukes & Archduchesses before 11 February 1896 Arms of Archdukes & Archduchesses after 11 February 1896 Arms of Archdukes & Archduchesses of the Tuscan branch

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kaiser zu sein, ist kein Job, den man anstrebt"[full citation needed] (German: "To be emperor is not a job to strive for")
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVI. "Haus Österreich". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp. 87–90, 119–120, 563, 568–569, 577. ISBN 978-3-7980-0824-3.

Sources

[edit]
  • C. A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918, Faber & Faber, 2014, 900 pages. ISBN 0571306292
  • Jean Bérenger, Histoire de l'empire des Habsbourg, 1273–1918, Fayard, 1990, 810 pages. ISBN 978-2-213-02297-0
  • Hans Bankl, Mal d'Asburgo. Vizi, vezzi, malanni e manie della Casa Imperiale d'Austria , traduzione di Flavia Foradini, Trieste, mgs press, 1998, pp. 202
  • Flavia Foradini, "Otto d'Asburgo. L'ultimo atto di una dinastia", mgs press, Trieste, 2004. ISBN 88-89219-04-1
  • Martha e Horst Schad, La prediletta. Il diario della figlia di Sissi, traduzione di Flavia Foradini, Trieste, mgs Press 2001, ISBN 88-86424-78-7
  • Sigrid-Maria Größing, Rodolfo d'Asburgo. Libero pensatore, rubacuori, psicopatico, traduzione di Flavia Foradini, Trieste, mgs Press 2006, ISBN 88-89219-17-3
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