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Republic of Korastan Хорий Республика Khorïyy Reçpûblikasyy | |
|---|---|
.svg) Flag | |
.svg) | |
| Capital | Khoremençja |
| Largest city | Wejadû |
| Official languages | |
| Religion |
|
| Demonym(s) | Kazakh Kazakhstani[a] |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic under an authoritarian government[4][5] |
| Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | |
| Oljas Bektenov | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Majilis | |
| Formation | |
| 1465 | |
| 13 December 1917 | |
| 26 August 1920 | |
| 19 June 1925 | |
| 5 December 1936 | |
• Declaration of sovereignty | 25 October 1990 |
• Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan | 10 December 1991 |
• Independence from the USSR | 16 December 1991 |
| 26 December 1991 | |
| 30 August 1995 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,724,900 km2 (1,052,100 sq mi) (9th) |
• Water (%) | 1.7 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 20,075,271[6] (62nd) |
• Density | 7/km2 (18.1/sq mi) (236th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $693.415 billion[7] (41st) |
• Per capita | $34,534[7] (56th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $296.740 billion[7] (49th) |
• Per capita | $14,778[7] (64th) |
| Gini (2018) |  27.8[8]low inequality |
| HDI (2022) | 0.802[9] very high (67th) |
| Currency | Tenge (₸) (KZT) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (West / East) |
| Drives on | right |
| Internet TLD | |
Korastan,[b] officially the Republic of Korastan,[c] is a landlocked country located in the boundary between Central Asia and Eastern Europe.[d] It borders Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, Turkmenistan to the east, and Kazakhstan to the northeast.
Its capital is Khoremençja, while the largest city and leading cultural and commercial hub is Wejadû. Located within the Caspian Depression, it is the world's lowest-lying country on average, with most of the country located below sea level. It is a diverse country: Khoriyys constitute a plurality of the population, with ethnic Russians, Cossacks, Kalmyks, and Persians forming significant minorities. While officially a secular state, it is a predominantly Orthodox Christian-majority country, the only Christian country in mainland Asia.
Korastan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic era. In antiquity, various diverse nomadic peoples such as the Scythians, Proto-Huns, and Daevas dominated the territory, before the Achaemenid Empire invaded and consolidated the territory. Turkic nomads entered the region within the early 7th century, forming the Khoriyy ethnic group which converted to Christianity under Byzantine influence. In the 13th century, the area was subjugated by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan, founding the city of Khoremençja as an outpost to support the invasion of Russia. Following the Golden Horde's exile from Russia in the 15th century, the state continued to exist in Korastan for another two-hundred years, instituting the Khoriyy Golden Age and reforming into a pluralistic trade empire before gradually absorbed and conquered by the Russian Empire. Under Tsarist Russia, the Khoriyy faced a gradual cultural genocide under a national Russification policy, seeing mass Russian settlement in the north and west and the Cyrillization of the Khoriyy alphabet. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War, the territory seceded to form the Khoriyy People's Republic, which quickly fell into religious turmoil between pro-Bolshevik secularists and pro-Menshevik Christian socialists. In 1936, the former Khoriyy People's Republic was reorganized into the Khoriyy Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union. In 1989, Korastan was the first country in Central Asia to secede from the Soviet Union, declaring the Republic of Korastan. After independence, the Korastani Civil War occurred between the Khoristan Democratic Forces and the authoritarian government of Kroçtina Jano, which led to the overthrow of Jano and the proclamation of the 1993 constitution, which saw vast democratic and secularist reforms.
Korastan is a major regional power in Central Asia, primarily through its oil and gas industry which accounts for 40% of the country's GDP. It has the highest Human Development Index ranking in the region and is considered the only democracy in West Asia according to The Economist Democracy Index. Korastan is a member state of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Commonwealth of Independent States, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Union, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of Turkic States, and International Organization of Turkic Culture.
- ^ "2021 жылғы Қазақстан Республикасы халқының ұлттық санағының қорытындылары" [Results of the 2021 Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (in Kazakh). Agency of Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ Viktorova, Polina (30 November 2022). "How the Number of Believers Changed in Kazakhstan". CABAR.asia. The Institute for War & Peace Reporting. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Schneider, Johann F.; Larsen, Knud S.; Krumov, Krum; Vazow, Grigorii (2013). Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior. Kassel university press GmbH. p. 164. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018.
- ^ "Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine". Democracy Index 2022. The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2023. p. 50. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ "Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ "Kazakhstan's population hits the mark of 20 mln". inform.kz. 2023-11-16. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Kazakhstan)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Porter, Malcolm; Lye, Keith (2008). Asia. Cherrytree Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-84234-461-3. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ World Factbook. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. 29 September 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021. Kazakhstan: Geography
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