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Sanicula crassicaulis

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Sanicula crassicaulis
Sanicula crassicaulis var. tripartita

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Sanicula
Species:
S. crassicaulis
Binomial name
Sanicula crassicaulis

Sanicula crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names Pacific black-snakeroot[1] and Pacific sanicle.

Description

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It is a perennial herb producing a thick stem up to 1.2 meters tall from a taproot. The leaves have blades up to 13 centimeters long which are divided into a few deep lobes and edged with small teeth. The inflorescence is made up of one or more heads of bisexual and male-only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals (var. tripartita flowers may range from yellow, brown, or purple). Each head has approximately five leaflike, lance-shaped bracts at its base. The rounded fruits are a few millimeters long, covered in curving prickles, and borne in small clusters.[2]

Distribution and habitat

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Sanicula crassicaulis has an amphitropical distribution and is native to the west coast of North America and southern South America.[3]

In North America, it ranges from British Columbia to Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including mountain slopes, grassland, and woodlands.[4][5] In South America, it ranges from Coquimbo Region to Los Lagos Region in Chile, and Chubut Province, Neuquén Province, and Mendoza Province in Argentina.[6] It is also introduced to the Juan Fernández Islands, where it is invasive.[7]

S. crassicaulis var. tripartita leaf closeup, at Washington Park in Anacortes, WA

Taxonomy

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There are two varieties:[8][9]

References

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  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Sanicula crassicaulis​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  2. ^ "E-Flora BC Atlas Page | Sanicula crassicaulis". linnet.geog.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  3. ^ Constance, Lincoln (1963). "Introduction and Historical Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 38 (2): 109–116. ISSN 0033-5770.
  4. ^ "Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria | Query: Sanicula crassicaulis". www.pnwherbaria.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  5. ^ "OregonFlora | Sanicula crassicaulis". oregonflora.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  6. ^ Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Morrone, Osvaldo; Belgrano, Manuel J.; Missouri Botanical Garden; Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (San Isidro, Argentina), eds. (2008). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. volumen 2 : Dicotyledoneae: Acanthaceae - Fabaceae (Abarema - Schizolobium). Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 2. St. Louis, Mo: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 1088. ISBN 978-1-930723-70-2. OCLC 294820637.
  7. ^ "Sanicula crassicaulis". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  8. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 | Sanicula crassicaulis | Pacific Black-snakeroot". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  9. ^ a b c "Sanicula crassicaulis - Burke Herbarium Image Collection". burkeherbarium.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
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