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Macedonian conjugation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Macedonian conjugation (Macedonian: конјугација) is the creation of derived forms of a Macedonian verb from its principal parts by inflection.

Macedonian verbs are conventionally divided into three main conjugations according to the thematic vowel used in the citation form (i.e. 3p-pres-sg):

  • а–group (e.g. вика, бега);
  • и–group — further divided into three subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
    • и–subgroup (носиносив, учиучив),
    • е–subgroup (остариостарев, оздравиоздравев),
    • а–subgroup (стоистојав, лежилежов).
  • е–group — further divided into four subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
    • а–subgroup (викневикнав, паднепаднав),
    • е–subgroup (умреумрев, задрезадрев),
    • о–subgroup (печепеков, сечесеков),
    • ∅–subgroup (i.e. with an athematic stem; пиепив, триетрив).

Futurity is expressed by placing the invariable particle ќе before a verb phrase.

Synthetic series

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The synthetic series consists of three simple tenses—the present, imperfect and aorist—and the imperative mood.

Present tense

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Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
вика вик– викам викаш вика викаме викате викаат
бега бег– бегам бегаш бега бегаме бегате бегаат
Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
носи нос– носам носиш носи носиме носите носат
учи уч– учам учиш учи учиме учите учат
остари остар– остарам остариш остари остариме остарите остарат
оздрави оздрав– оздравам оздравиш оздрави оздравиме оздравите оздрават
стои сто(и)– стојам1 стоиш стои стоиме стоите стојат2
лежи леж– лежам лежиш лежи лежиме лежите лежат

1, 2 The syllabic thematic vowel и changes to the non-syllabic ј when preceding inflectional suffixes which begin with a vowel.

Citation
form
Stem Present Tense (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
викне викн– викнам викнеш викне викнеме викнете викнат
умре умр– умрам умреш умре умреме умрете умрат

Past tenses

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Imperfect

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Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
вика вика– викав викаше викаше викавме викавте викаа
бега бега– бегав бегаше бегаше бегавме бегавте бегаа
Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
оди оде– одев одеше одеше одевме одевте одеа
Citation
form
Stem Imperfect (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
јаде јаде– јадев јадеше јадеше јадевме јадевте јадеа

Aorist

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а–group
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Citation
form
Stem Aorist (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
прочита прочита– прочитав прочита прочита прочитавме прочитавте прочитаа
и–group
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Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, и–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
прати прати– пратив прати прати пративме пративте пратија3

3 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.

Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, е–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
оздрави оздраве– оздравев оздраве оздраве оздравевме оздравевте оздравеа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (и–group, а–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
издржи издржа– издржав издржа издржа издржавме издржавте издржаа
е–group
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Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, а–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
стане стана– станав стана стана станавме станавте станаа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, е–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
сотре сотре– сотрев сотре сотре сотревме сотревте сотреа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, о–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
дојде дојд– дојдов дојде дојде дојдовме дојдовте дојдоа
Citation
form
Stem Aorist (е–group, ∅–subgroup)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
измие изми– измив изми изми измивме измивте измија4

4 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.

Imperative mood

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Citation
form
Stem Imperative (а–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
вика вик– викај викајте
бега бег– бегај бегајте
Citation
form
Stem Imperative (и–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
носи нос– носи носете
учи уч– учи учете
Citation
form
Stem Imperative (е–group)
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
викне викн– викни викнете
умре умр– умри умрете

Non-finite series

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The non-finite series consists of the verbal л-form, verbal adverb, verbal noun and verbal adjective.

  • The verbal л-form occurs in two forms: one based on the imperfect stem and one based on the aorist stem. The verbal л-form inflects for gender and number.
Stem base Verbal л-form of донесе
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural (all genders)
Imperfect донел донела донело донеле
Aorist донесол донесла донесло донесле
  • The verbal adverb is an invariant form, based on the imperfect stem with the addition of the suffix -јќи; ex. викајќи.
  • The verbal noun is based on the imperfect stem of imperfective verbs with the addition of the suffix -ње; ex. одење. The verbal noun inflects for number and case as with other nouns.
  • The verbal adjective is based on the aorist stem when the stem ends in /a/. Otherwise, the imperfect stem is used. It is formed by adding -/t/ to the end of the stem where the vowel is preceded by -/n/ or -/ɲ/, otherwise -/n/ is used; for example, покани 'to invite' has the verbal adjective поканет 'invited', and дојде 'to come' has the verbal adjective дојден 'arrived'. The verbal adjective inflects for number, gender and case as with other adjectives.

Analytic series

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The analytic series consists of compound tenses and the conditional mood. It is further divided into the сум-series, беше-pluperfect series and има-series.

Сум-series

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  • The сум-aorist is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the aorist verbal л-form.
  • The сум-imperfect is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.) and the imperfect verbal л-form
Verb Tense Сум-series
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
гали Aorist сум галил си галил галил сме галиле сте галиле галиле
гали Imperfect сум галел си галел галел сме галеле сте галеле галеле

Беше-pluperfect series

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  • The беше-aorist is formed using the aorist of сум (inflecting for person) and the aorist verbal л-form.
  • The беше-imperfect is formed using the imperfect of сум (inflecting for person) and the imperfect verbal л-form.
Verb Tense Беше-pluperfect series
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
гали Aorist бев галил беше галил беше галил бевме галиле бевте галиле беа галиле
гали Imperfect бев галел беше галел беше галел бевме галеле бевте галеле беа галеле

Има-series

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  • The има-perfect is formed using the present tense of има (inflecting for person) and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
  • The имаше-pluperfect is formed using the imperfect of има (inflecting for person) and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
  • The имал-perfect is formed using the present tense of сум (inflecting for person, and dropped in 3P sg. and 3P pl.), the verbal л-form of има and the neuter sg. verbal adjective.
Verb Tense Има-series
Singular Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
гали Има-perfect имам галено имаш галено има галено имаме галено имате галено имаат галено
гали Имаше-pluperfect имав галено имаше галено имаше галено имавме галено имавте галено имаа галено
гали Имал-perfect сум имал галено си имал галено имал галено сме имале галено сте имате галено имале галено

Conditional mood

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The conditional mood is formed using the invariant particle би with the verbal л-form. Imperfective and perfective verbs typically use the imperfect and aorist verbal л-forms, respectively.

Bibliography

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  • FlexiMac — an automatic conjugator for Macedonian verbs.
  • Vigna.mk — Macedonian aspectual conjugator.