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Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Serbo-Croatian (the Croatian and Serbian standards thereof) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Examples below in the Latin script are given in the Ijekavian pronunciation, while Cyrillic ones are in the Ekavian pronunciation. See Serbo-Croatian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages.

Consonants
IPA Example English approximation
Latin Cyrillic
b bob боб bob
d dan дан doom
đak[1] ђак jeep (Alveolo-palatal)
ep[1][2] џeп just
f film филм film
ɡ gore горе gorgeous
j ja ја yaw
k kola кола score
l Luka Лука fill
ʎ bilje биље million
m more море more
ɱ informacija информација comfort
n ne не no
ŋ banka банка bank
ɲ konj коњ canyon
p pet пет space
r robot робот trilled r, like in Spanish
s stol стол stole
ʃ šuma[2] шума shell
t tata тата star
ćup[1] ћуп cheap (Alveolo-palatal)
ts ribica рибица shorts
čekić[1][2] чекић choose
v voda[3] вода between vet and wet
x hir хир Scottish loch
z zima зима zoo
ʒ žaba[2] жаба treasure
Vowels
IPA Example English approximation
Latin Cyrillic
a rad рад father
e let лет let
i list лист least
o more море more
u trup труп tool
bicikl бицикл little
njutn њутн burden
vrba врба US verb, but trilled
Tone and vowel length
Tonic marks are not normally written but are found in dictionaries.[4]
IPA Example Explanation
Latin Cyrillic
e sezóna сезо́на non-tonic short vowel
ùzēti у̀зе̄ти non-tonic long vowel[5]
ě djèca дјѐца short vowel with rising tone
ěː kréda кре́да long vowel with rising tone
ê sjȅme сјȅме short vowel with falling tone
êː rȇp рȇп long vowel with falling tone

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Many speakers in Croatia and some in Bosnia make no distinction between /tɕ/ and /tʃ/ (⟨ć⟩ and ⟨č⟩) or between /dʑ/ and /dʒ/ (⟨đ⟩ and ⟨dž⟩); among such speakers, these are pronounced [tʃ] and [dʒ] respectively.
  2. ^ a b c d /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/ are sometimes transcribed as [ʂ], [], [ʐ] and [], respectively. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ may be realized [ɕ] or [ʑ] before /tɕ/ or /dʑ/.
  3. ^ /v/ does not behave as a fricative in that it does not devoice to [f] before a voiceless consonant, nor does it cause preceding voiceless consonants to become voiced.
  4. ^ Some articles may use the stress mark, [ˈe], which could correspond to either of the tonic accents (rising or falling) and so they are not a complete transcription, although many speakers in Croatia have no tone distinctions.
  5. ^ Many speakers in Croatia and Serbia pronounce most unstressed long vowels as short.

See also

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