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Bole–Tangale languages

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Bole–Tangale
A.2 West Chadic
Geographic
distribution
Bauchi, Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno states of Nigeria
Linguistic classificationAfro-Asiatic
Language codes
Glottologwest2715
West Chadic per Newman (1977)
Main Chadic-speaking peoples in Nigeria

The Bole–Tangale languages (also known as the A.2 West Chadic languages) are a branch of West Chadic languages that are spoken in various states of northeastern Nigeria.

Languages

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The Bole–Tangale languages are:[1]

Karekare is the most divergent language within the Bole branch, while Dera is the most divergent language within the Tangale branch.[3]

Names and locations

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Below is a comprehensive list of Bole–Tangale language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[2]

Language Cluster Dialects Alternate spellings Own name for language Endonym(s) Other names (location-based) Other names for language Exonym(s) Speakers Location(s)
Daza Daza a few villages (Note: No data available) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA
Bole Bara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika) Bòò Pìkkà, Bopika Am Pìkkà, Ampika Fika, Piika Bolanci Anika, Bolewa 32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990) Bauchi State, Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; Borno State, Fika LGA
Bure BuBure Bure Bure A single village southeast of Darazo town Bauchi State, Darazo LGA
Ɓeele Bele Àɓéelé bòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl. Bellawa 120 (Temple 1922); a few villages Bauchi State
Deno 9,900 (LA 1971) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA; 45 km northeast of Bauchi town
Galambu Galembi, Galambe Galambu Galambu 8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL) Bauchi State, Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages
Dera Shani, Shellen and Gasi Bo Dera na Dera sg., Dera pl. Kanakuru 11,300 (W&B) Adamawa State, Shellen LGA; Borno State, Shani LGA
Fyandigeri Fyandigere sg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. Fyandigeri Gerawa, Gere, Gera 13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children. Bauchi State, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs
Geruma Sum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple) Gerema, Germa Geerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect) Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.) 4,700 (LA 1971) Bauchi State, Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages
Giiwo Kirifi Bu Giiwo sg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo 3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL) Bauchi State, Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages
Karekare Western Jalalum, northern Pakaro and eastern Ngwajum Kәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri 39,000 (1952 W&B) Bauchi State, Gamawa and Misau LGAs; Yobe State, Fika LGA
Kholok Kode, Koode, Kwoode,Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango
Kubi Kuba 1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL) Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, 40 km. N.E. of Bauchi town
Kulung (Chadic) Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya) Wurkum 2000? Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA
Kutto Kupto Kúttò Kúttò Two villages. 3000 (1990 est.) Bauchi State, Bajoga LGA, Yobe State, Gujba LGA
Maaka Two dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara) Magha, Maga, Maha More than 4,000 (1990) Yobe State, Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir.
Ngamo Gamo 17,800 (1952 W&B) Borno State, Fika LGA; Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district
Pero Dialects associated with three major settlements Walo Péerò sg. Péerò, pl. Pìpéerò Filiya [town name] 6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL) Gombe State, Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya.
Piya–Kwonci cluster Piya–Kwonci Pia Wurkum, Pitiko 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango
Piya Piya–Kwonci Pia Wurkum
Kwonci Piya–Kwonci Kunshenu More than 4000 (1990)
Goji Fo Goji Nya Goji pl. Memme Goji Kushe, Kushi Chong'e 4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007) Gombe State, Shongom LGA
Kwaami Kafarati, Ɗolli Kwami, Kwom Kwáámì Kwáámì Komawa 10,000 (1990) Bauchi State, Kwami LGA
Nyam Nyambolo A single village Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village
Tangale Ture, Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri Tangle Táŋlɛ̀ Billiri 36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL) Gombe State, Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs

References

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  1. ^ Blench, Roger. 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
  2. ^ a b Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
  3. ^ Blench, Roger. 2021. West Chadic classification 2021. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

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