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Voiced labiodental plosive

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Voiced labiodental plosive
ȸ
IPA Number102 408
Encoding
Entity (decimal)b​̪
Unicode (hex)U+0062 U+032A
X-SAMPAb_d
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [b], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [v]. This can be represented in the IPA as ⟨⟩. A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the db ligatureȸ⟩.

The voiced labiodental plosive is not known to be phonemic in any language. However, it does occur allophonically:

In the Austronesian language Sika, this sound occurs as an allophone of the labiodental flap in careful pronunciation.[citation needed]

The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, [p̪͡f] (voiceless labiodental affricate) and [b̪͡v] (voiced labiodental affricate).

Features

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Features of the "voiced labiodental stop":

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Danish Standard[1] ved [b̪̆e̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ] 'know(s)' Rather short; also described as an approximant [ʋ]. A rare alternative is a fricative [v].[2] See Danish phonology.
English subversive [sʌb̪ˈvɚsɪv] 'subversive' Common allophone of /b/ before the labiodentals /f/ and /v/ (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial [ɸ] and [β], respectively, instead).
Ibanag bavi [bab̪ᵛiː] ˈpig/pork' Slightly affricated; allophonic variant of /v/ for some elderly speakers, especially those who lack front teeth. May be a flap // instead.
Sika[citation needed] [example needed] Allophone of // in careful pronunciation.
Slovene ob vodi [ob̪‿ˈʋɔ̀ːdí] 'by the water' Allophone of /b/ before /f, ʋ/. See Slovene phonology.

Notes

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  1. ^ Basbøll (2005), p. 27.
  2. ^ Basbøll (2005), pp. 27, 66.

References

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  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, OUP Oxford, ISBN 0-198-24268-9
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