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Arab Socialist Movement

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Arab Socialist Movement
حركة الاشتراكيين العرب
LeaderOmar Adnan al-Alawi (Damascus branch)
FounderAkram al-Hawrani
Founded5 January 1950; 74 years ago (5 January 1950)
HeadquartersDamascus, Syria
IdeologyArab socialism
Arab nationalism
Pan-Arabism
Ba'athism (Damascus branch)[1]
Anti-Islamism (Damascus branch)[1]
Political positionLeft-wing
National affiliationNational Progressive Front (Damascus branch)
National Democratic Rally (Ayyash faction)
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

The Arab Socialist Movement (Arabic: حركة الاشتراكيين العرب- Harakat аl-Ishtirakiyīn аl-'Arab) also known as Arab Socialist Party, was a political party in Syria that has split into several factions since the 1960s which continue to use the same name.

History

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The Arab Socialist Movement traced its roots back to the "Youth Party", a 1930s radical anti-capitalist, pan-Arab group led by Othman al-Hawrani.[2][1] In its later form, it was formally established as "Arab Socialist Party" in the 1950s, and was led by Akram al-Hawrani from then on.[1] The party merged with the Ba'ath Party in 1953,[3] only to withdraw again in 1963.[4] It then split into several factions:

  • One faction, known as Damascus branch[4] and headed by Abdul-Ghani Qannout, joined the Ba'ath Party-led National Progressive Front government in 1972[5][6] and has continued to support the al-Assad family's rule in Syria ever since.[4] It is active in Syria and Lebanon.[1] After Abdul-Ghani Qannout died in 2001, Ahmad al-Ahmad became the new secretary general; under him, the party continued its pro-government course, even during the Syrian Civil War.[4] Amid the conflict's civil uprising phase, the Arab Socialist Movement's Damascus branch organised pro-government rallies.[1] When the uprising escalated into a full insurgency, members of the party organised pro-government militias. Assistant secretary general Omar Adnan al-Alawi headed the National Defence Forces' Deir ez-Zor branch during part of the Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–17), and was wounded in combat.[1] Al-Alawi later aided[1] a member of the party's political office, Turki Albu Hamad, in founding the "Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes" militia.[4] Ahmad al-Ahmad died on 25 August 2016, leaving the office of secretary general vacant until the election of Omar al-Alawi as official party head on 24 May 2017.[1]
  • Another splinter group was led by the former officer Abdul-Ghani Ayyash (died 2010), and joined the opposition in form of the National Democratic Rally.[2]
  • One faction of Marxists, led by Akram al-Bunni, split off and formed the "National Council of Damascus Declaration for National Democratic Change", which was suppressed by the Assad government.[7]
  • Another branch has also gained legal recognition and parliamentary representation in Syria, but under the name "National Covenant Party".[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (4 February 2019). "The Arab Socialist Movement: Interview". Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  2. ^ a b Akram al-Bunni (2013), p. 8.
  3. ^ Seale 1990, p. 65.
  4. ^ a b c d e Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (2 April 2017). "Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence". Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  5. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 175, 176.
  6. ^ Akram al-Bunni (2013), pp. 5, 8.
  7. ^ Akram al-Bunni (2013), p. 6.

Bibliography

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